Issue/Heft 17 (2018)

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© AFSV; Waldökologie, Landschaftsforschung und Naturschutz (Forest Ecology, Landscape Research and Nature Conservation) - Heft 17, 2018

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Impressum und Inhaltsverzeichnis

>> Impressum und Inhaltsangabe (pdf 614 K)
  

NICKEL, S., SCHRÖDER, W., WOSNIOK, W.: Umstrukturierung eines Biomonitoring-Messnetzes für atmosphärische Deposition in Wäldern

(Re-organisation of a long-term biomonitoring network for deposition of air pollutants in forests)

Abstract
The determination of atmospheric deposition in forests can be accomplished using technical sampling devices, bioindicators or modelling. Since 1990, the European Moss Survey has been providing data on element concentrations in moss every five years at up to 7,300 sampling sites. In the moss specimens, heavy metals (HM), nitrogen (N, since 2005) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs, since 2010) were determined. Germany participated in all surveys with the exception of that in 2010. For the Moss Survey 2015, the monitoring network 2005 was re-organised. In this study, a new decision support method for multi-criteria optimization is presented. It is demonstrated by use of data collected in 2005 that the computer-integrated model enables network reorganization with high efficiency and reproducibility. Its application yielded a network with a reduction of sample points from 726 to 402 without significant loss in statistical validity and geostatistical representativity of the measured element concentrations in moss and, respectively, harmonization with other environmental monitoring networks.

>> Volltextversion (pdf 2.7 M; Heft 17-Aufsatz 2; Original paper; Language: Deutsch; urn:nbn:de:0041-afsv-01724)

NICKEL, S., SCHRÖDER, W., DREHWALD, U., DREYER, A., PREUSSING, M., STAPPER, N.J., STRUVE, S., TEUBER, D., VÖLKSEN, B.: Räumliche Struktur von Schwermetall- und Stickstoffanreicherungen in zwischen 1990 und 2015 deutschlandweit gesammelten Moosen

(Spatial structure of heavy metals and nitrogen accumulation in mosses sampled between 1990 and 2015 throughout Germany)

Abstract
In situ collected mosses are applied to spatially complement the collection of atmospheric deposition by technical samplers and validate deposition modelling by use of chemical transport models. Since 1990, the European Moss Survey has been providing data on element concentrations in moss every five years at up to 7,300 sampling sites. In the moss specimens, heavy metals (since 1990), nitrogen (since 2005) and persistent organic pollutants (since 2010) were determined. Germany participated in all surveys with the exception of that in 2010. In this study, the spatial structures of element concentrations in moss collected in Germany between 1990 and 2015 were comparatively investigated by use of Moran´s I statistics and Variogram Analysis and mapped by use of Kriging interpolation. This is the precondition to spatially join the moss survey data with data collected at other locations within different environmental networks. The calculated maps reveal a clear and statistically significant decrease of concentrations of most heavy metals in moss but not of nitrogen. Due to decreasing element concentrations and the unchanged application of the element concentration classification for the mapping, the heavy metals maps for the survey 2015 do no longer depict much spatial variation. Therefore, in an upcoming study, this analysis needs to be complemented for the heavy metals by mapping percentile statistics for the whole period 1990 – 2015 with maps depicting the spatial structure of survey-specific percentile statistics 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2015.

>> Volltextversion (pdf 8.6 M; Heft 17-Aufsatz 6; Original paper; Language: Deutsch; urn:nbn:de:0041-afsv-01765 )
  

KANTNER, F., RIEK, W.: Standortseigenschaften von forstlichen Wuchsregionen in Brandenburg – Beurteilung der Variabilität mittels Clusteranalyse

(Site characteristics of forest growing units in Brandenburg – Assessing variability using Cluster Analysis)

Abstract
In the paper at hand, the growing districts of Brandenburg (n = 91) are aggregated to homogeneous groups on the base of extensive hydrological, thermal and nutrition parameters, using Cluster Analysis. The aggregated groups furthermore were portrayed by means of descriptive statistics and their spatial position. The data employed is a set of parameters, which were regionalized at the scale of a 100 x 100 m raster at the Eberswalde Forestry Competence Center. The distribution of the numerically deviated cluster was compared with the existing forest growing regions (n = 9). The result shows a generally well fit of the growing regions and the position of the clusters. Differences in the allocation of single growing districts can be explained by the particular values. They may build the base for further research to (re-)define the borders between the forest growing regions, based on parameters.

>> Volltextversion (pdf 1.7 M; Heft 17-Aufsatz 4; Original paper; Language: Deutsch; urn:nbn:de:0041-afsv-01749)

MELLERT, K.H., WEIS, W., GRÜNEBERG, R., GÖTTLEIN, A.: Schwellenwerte für bodenchemische Präferenz- und Mangelbereiche der forstlichen Hauptbaumarten abgeleitet aus Waldernährungsdaten der BZE II

(Thresholds for soil chemical preference and deficiency ranges of major forest tree species derived from forest nutrition data from the German National Forest Soil Survey)

Abstract
In this study we present soil chemical preference and deficiency ranges for major tree species on the basis of the German National Forest Soil Survey (BZE II). Furthermore, the expert-based values of the handbook of forest sites classification (ARBEITSKREIS STANDORTSKARTIERUNG 2016) for soil chemistry are examined on the basis of nutritional data. Although there were weak correlations between soil stocks of P, K, Mg and Ca and tree nutrition (r_Pearson between 0.26 and 0.5), nutrient deficiencies were more frequent on poor soils. Species-specific effects generally correspond to the known ecological requirements of tree species. For N and S, the relationships between soil and nutritional data are too weak (r_Pearson < 0.1) for reviewing expert-based values or deriving data-based soil chemical thresholds. The expert values for the soil stocks of P, K, Mg and Ca as well as for the C/P ratio are in a relevant range of tree nutrition. However, for P and Ca, nutrient deficiencies of the deciduous tree species beech and oak are more frequent in soil with medium nutrient stock than for the conifers. In addition, Scots pine appeared surprisingly to be more demanding with respect to the Mg supply of the soil than Norway spruce. The preference and deficiency ranges derived from the data are in the order of magnitude of the total nutrient requirement of 100-year-old stands, with absolute values depending on the species. The presented thresholds can support tree-specific assessments of the soil chemistry of sites and can be implemented into modern forest site information systems. In addition, they provide decision support for a site-specific harvesting intensity and for the choice of tree species, in particular under critical climatic and nutrient conditions. The uncertainties and opportunities for further development of the thresholds are discussed.

>> Volltextversion (pdf 1.2 M; Heft 17-Aufsatz 5; Original paper; Language: Deutsch; urn:nbn:de:0041-afsv-01758)

SCHMIEDER, B., EWALD, J.; JEHL, H.: Naturnahe Moorrand-Fichtenwälder im Bayerischen Wald

(Natural forests of Norway spruce at peat bog margins in Bavarian Forest National Park)

Abstract
Site conditions, vegetation and structure of Norway spruce forests situated on peat bog margins (two natural, one slightly drained) in Bavarian Forest National Park (Germany) were studied on three transects. Spruce forests of bog margins exhibit mean water levels of 27 cm under natural conditions, and 47 cm below surface after draining, high cover of Sphagnum mosses and high variance of tree diameters. They are distinguished from spruce plantations by high tree ages, low site index (< 25 m dominant height at age 100) and high deadwood stocks. Water levels, cover and composition of the Sphagnum layer indicate that they might act as net carbon sinks. As a richly structured component of natural zonations spruce forests of bog margins deserve the attention of nature conservation. Close-to-natural stands should be preserved and left to natural development. Structural and ecological criteria for recognizing such stands are developed. In bog restoration such spruce stands should not be dismissed and possibly removed as unnatural spruce plantations. Moderately drained spruce stands can be restored to a more natural state by slowly raising the water table.

>> Volltextversion (pdf 2.4 M; Heft 17-Aufsatz 1; Original paper; Language: Deutsch; urn:nbn:de:0041-afsv-01710)

Supplementary Material

>> Anhang/Appendix NICKEL, S., SCHRÖDER, W., WOSNIOK, W.: (pdf 1.2 M; Heft 17-Aufsatz 3; Original paper; Language: Deutsch; urn:nbn:de:0041-afsv-01731)